Is Urdu A Creole

Hindi and Urdu are generally considered to be one spoken language with two different literary traditions. That means that Hindi and Urdu speakers who shop in the same markets have no problems understanding each other -- they'd both say yeh kitne kaa hay for 'How much is it? ' -- but the written form for Hindi will be यह कितने का है? And the Urdu one will be یہ کتنے کا ہے؟ Hindi is written from left to right in the Devanagari script, and is the official language of India, along with English.

Urdu, on the other hand, is written from right to left in the Nastaliq script and is the national language of Pakistan. It's also one of the official languages of the Indian states of Bihar and Jammu & Kashmir. Considered as one, these tongues constitute the second most spoken language in the world, sometimes called Hindustani. In their daily lives, Hindi and Urdu speakers communicate in their 'different' languages without major problems. Both Hindi and Urdu developed from Classical Sanskrit, which appeared in the Indus Valley at about the start of the Common Era. The first old Hindi poetry was written in the year 769 AD, and by the European Middle Ages it became known as 'Hindvi'.

Muslim Turks invaded the Punjab in 1027 and took control of Delhi in 1193. They paved the way for the Islamic Mughal Empire, which ruled northern India from the 16th century until it was defeated by the British Raj in the mid-19th century. It was at this time that the language of this book began to take form, a mixture of Hindvi grammar with Arabic, Persian and Turkish vocabulary. The Muslim speakers of Hindvi began to write in the Arabic script, creating Urdu, while the Hindu population incorporated the new words but continued to write in Devanagari script. Urdu, which was often referred to by the British administrators in India as the Hindustani language, was promoted in colonial India by British policies to counter the previous emphasis on Persian.

Urdu replaced Persian as the official language of India in 1837 and was made co-official, along with English. According to Wikipedia.org, Haitian Creole is commonly referred to as Creole. It is a French-based creole language and is spoken by 10–12 million people worldwide. It is one of the two official languages of Haiti and is the native language of the major population.

The language became popular due to the contact between French settlers and enslaved Africans. Its grammar is that of a West African and it is inspired by the Volta-Congo language. The language has wide influences from Spanish, English, Portuguese, Taino, and other West African languages.

It is similar to standard French but has its distinctive grammar. Haitian Creole has elements of the Romance group of Indo-European languages. The use of superstratum makes it similar to French, and African languages. There are many theories regarding the formation of the Haitian Creole language. Native language of the Svans , who inhabit southern slopes and valleys of the High Caucasus in the region of Svaneti, located in north-western Georgia. The language, called in Svan Lushnu, is one of the Kartvelian language family, that includes also Georgian, Megrelian and Laz.

Lack of any support from Georgian state and the low prestige of Svan have resulted in an increased rate of language decay and endangerment. Likewise the Georgians the Svans are of Christian Orthodox denomination, although their traditions include also numerous remnants of pre-Christian beliefs. The Svan language is written at present with the letters of Georgian alphabet, although in the past it also used Latin or Cyrillic alphabets. The Naxi language belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family and is divided into several dialects. With a number of speaker reaching 309 thousand – including ca. 100 thousand monolinguals – Naxi is not considered a particularly endangered.

Naxi has been written with a unique pictographic Dongba script. Mutual intelligibility decreases in literary and specialised contexts that rely on academic or technical vocabulary. In a longer conversation, differences in formal vocabulary and pronunciation of some Urdu phonemes are noticeable, though many native Hindi speakers also pronounce these phonemes. At a phonological level, speakers of both languages are frequently aware of the Perso-Arabic or Sanskrit origins of their word choice, which affects the pronunciation of those words. Urdu speakers will often insert vowels to break up consonant clusters found in words of Sanskritic origin, but will pronounce them correctly in Arabic and Persian loanwords.

As a result of religious nationalism since the partition of British India and continued communal tensions, native speakers of both Hindi and Urdu frequently assert that they are distinct languages. Hebrew belongs to the Semitic group within the Afro-Asiatic language family. Classical Hebrew has been used for centuries in religious texts of the Jewish community. Modern Hebrew , one of the official languages of Israel and spoken by 5.3 Mio.

People, is one of the most impressive examples of language revival. It was created in the 19th century on the base of Classical Hebrew. Swahili belongs to the Bantu sub-family within the Niger-Congo family of languages. It is the major language of East Africa, where it is spoken as a second language by about 40 million people . Swahili has official status in Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the Union of the Comoros. A family of languages spoken by at least 6 million people in Mesoamerica.

The ancient Mayan writing system probably shows the independent invention of writing on the American continent . Iwaidja, Ilgar and Maung are Iwaidjan languages from Northern Territory, Australia. It is suggested that Iwaidjan languages be grouped together with other languages in the Arnhem Land language family. Iwaidja and Maung are highly endangered languages spoken by only around 200 people each.

An endangered language spoken by about 600 people in Brazil. Examines texts and films that address the so-called Southern Question, namely, the socioeconomic and cultural disparities between northern and southern Italy. Explores or contests topics and concepts including southern exclusion from official history, southern fusion of religion and superstition, resistance to modernity and mafia-related political corruption. An immersion language course integrating the experience, observations and impressions of students living abroad with a French family . Emphasis on development of language proficiency and cultural awareness. Enhances speaking, reading, writing proficiency and the ability to communicate with native speakers.

In Urdu and Haitian Creole history, you will get to know about Urdu and Haitian Creole language family. Go through all languages which belong to Afro-Asiatic Languages and Niger-Congo Languages and explore more about them. A language family is defined as group of languages that are derived from common ancestors.

Urdu is a part of Indo-European Family while Haitian Creole is a part of Indo-European Family. The subgroup and branch of Urdu is Indo-Iranian and Indic resp. The subgroup and branch of Haitian Creole is Not Available and Not Available resp. Scripts used by these languages also depend upon their family. Check out the scripts used in Urdu and Haitian Creole language on Urdu vs Haitian Creole alphabets. You can also find which is the most widely spoken language in the world on Most Spoken Languages.

Urdu is the sole national, and one of the two official languages of Pakistan . It is spoken and understood throughout the country, whereas the state-by-state languages are the provincial languages, although only 7.57% of Pakistanis speak Urdu as their first language. Its official status has meant that Urdu is understood and spoken widely throughout Pakistan as a second or third language. It is used in education, literature, office and court business, although in practice, English is used instead of Urdu in the higher echelons of government. No region in Pakistan uses Urdu as its mother tongue, though it is spoken as the first language of Muslim migrants in Pakistan who left India after independence in 1947. Other communities, most notably the Punjabi elite of Pakistan, have adopted Urdu as a mother tongue and identify with both an Urdu speaker as well as Punjabi identity.

Urdu was chosen as a symbol of unity for the new state of Pakistan in 1947, because it had already served as a lingua franca among Muslims in north and northwest British India. It is the national language and lingua franca of Pakistan. In India, Urdu is an Eighth Schedule language whose status, function, and cultural heritage is recognized by the Constitution of India; it also has an official status in several Indian states. Classical Tibetan is the language of texts from the 10th – 12th centuries, written in the Tibetan script.

It is also the basis for Modern Standard Tibetan, the official language of the Tibet Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China. Tibetic languages form a branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Serbian is a South Slavic language, spoken by Serbs in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia and Macedonia.

Serbian more often written with a Cyrillic alphabet, but the Latin alphabet is also used. The Mixtec language continuum comprises several indigenous languages spoken by around 550,000 people in southern Mexico. The Khoisan languages form one of the world's oldest language families, including more than 100 languages ​​spoken in the southern parts of Africa.

Of all the Khoisan languages, the largest number of users is with the Nama language spoken in Namibia – around 200,000. A characteristic feature of Khoisan are phonemes called clicks. French belongs to the Romance group of the Indo-European language family. It is one of the largest languages of the world, especially if native and second language users are counted together. It has official status in various countries in Europe and Africa as well as in Canada. French is also a language of international communication in several European and worldwide organisations.

Croatian is a South Slavic language, spoken in Croatia and neighbouring countries. Croatian is written with the Latin alphabet, whereas Serbian and Bosnian traditionally use the Cyrillic alphabet. Chontal languages are one of many languages spoken in Oaxaca state, southern Mexico. They are genetically unclassified languages, although some scholars suggest they be grouped together with other languages in a Hokan stock. Our exercises and examples show Lowland Chontal, an endangered language with only around 200 mostly elderly speakers. Its sister language, Highland Chontal is similarly endangered.

Tequis-lateco, a third variety of Chontal, is already extinct. Develops advanced writing skills through the stylistic study of literary and journalistic texts. Writing assignments focus on development of a variety of skills, including summaries, literary analyses, argumentative essays, etc. Aspects of French grammar are highlighted along with analytical terms and key vocabulary from texts. Continuation of the study of standard Arabic language. Develops reading, writing, listening and speaking skills and helps with comprehension of written and audio texts.

Students can use their knowledge of the Arabic language to clearly express their personal views in a meaningful and well-structured language. This is the marvelous service from where readers can get the translation of Urdu word into English. This service is beneficial for the students and other professionals. This is the huge source of words and that provide full details of the words and its relevant words. In case you have a challenging word that is not available in ordinary dictionaries then you can paste here in the given box and we will translate it immediately.

Is Urdu A Creole Language It is good news for the readers that all these three services are totally free of coast and answer your question within seconds. Our dictionary provides the meaning of your desired or search word, but also defines it in simple words. This dictionary is beneficial for all professionals, students, translators and learners of foreign language. Some who are from a non-Urdu background now can read and write only Urdu. As of 2021, Urdu is the 21st-largest first language spoken in the world, with approximately 61.9 million native speakers.

According to 2018 estimates by Ethnologue, Urdu is the 10th-most widely spoken language in the world, with 230 million total speakers, including those who speak it as a second language. If spoken colloquial contexts are broadly taken into account, the Hindustani language (Hindi–Urdu) is the 3rd-most spoken language in the world. A family of languages spread over Eurasia from east southern Europe to western China. The largest Turkic languages are Turkic , Azerbaijani, Uzbek and Kazakh. There are also several small and endangered Turkic languages, for example the Tatar languages, Armeno-Kychap , Ös and Karaim . Sheko is a minority language of Ethiopia with about 39,000 speakers.

It belongs to the Omotic group of the Afro-Asiatic language family. It is not an endangered language at the moment, for it is spoken by adults and children at home and in many public situations, but its position is vulnerable. Education is available in Amharic and English, but many speakers of Sheko are illiterate.

A language, or a group of dialects, of the Algonquian family, spoken in Canada and the USA. Spoken by over 56,000 people, it is one of the major Native American languages – but still endangered. Kartvelian language, separate from Georgian, although still not recognized officially by Georgian authorities.

Hardly present in public domains of use, therefore regarded as endangered language, even if still spoken by ca. Speakers, Hungarian is the largest language of the Finno-Ugrian family. It is the national language of Hungary and one of the official languages of the European Union. A west Germanic language, one of the largest languages in the world by native speakers with official status in several European countries.

Friulan is one of the officially recognized minority languages in Italy. Thanks to the support by the Italian state this peripheral language spoken by ca. 800 thousand in the north-eastern region of Friuli is less endangered at present than in the past. It is spoken by over a million people, mainly in Estonia where it has official status.

Estonian is one of the official languages of the European Union. Most of them live north of Lake Coipasa in the department Oruro. Chipaya belongs to the Uru-Chipaya group of languages. The speakers of Chipaya know that their language is endangered and try to preserve it. They have established a language committee, who created a writing system for Chipaya in 2002 in order to have the language taught in schools. Bislama, also called Bichelamar, is a creole language, one of the official languages of Vanuatu.

It is the first language of many of the "Urban ni-Vanuatu" , and the second language of much of the rest of the country's residents. One of official languages of the Republic of Belarus, endangered by the dominating social and political role and functions of Russian in the Belarusian society. Used also by Belarusian minorities in Poland , countries of the former USSR, Western Europe and North America. Examination of representative novels in 20th century French literature from Proust to the New Novel and beyond. Emphasis may include study of genre, narrative techniques, literary modernism and major themes. Combines an historical approach with close textual readings.

How To Read A Tape Measure Chart

We've owned and used this standard tape measure for years and have been very happy with it. Once you learn what the markings mean (see our next section!) this type of measuring tape will be easy to read too. The nice thing about them is the 1″ marks are much larger and easier to read than the easy read tape measure option discussed above. A standard tape measure will have all the same markings as an easy read measuring tape, but will only have labels for the large 1″ marks. This is typically why people new to reading measuring tapes find it hard to know what measurement they're actually looking at. Flexible, vinyl measuring tapes are typically used for sewing and fabric, but I've used them for measuring round objects in our DIY or home improvement projects before as well.

Like the standard tape measures, these only label the 1″ marks along the tape and require you to understand how to read a tape measure. Most standard tape measures in the U.S. have markings that measure down to 1/16 of an inch. These are smaller, sometimes thinner markings, evenly spaced between the half-inch and inch marks on a tape measure. On some tapes, quarter inch marks are the same size as eighth-inch marks. Remember that two sixteenths of an inch equals one eighth, two eighths of an inch equals one quarter, and 2 quarters equals one half. For example, the second eighth-inch marking after the inch marking is a quarter inch.

Quarter inches, eighth inches, and sixteenth inches. The lines on a tape measure are simple to read once one understands what they represent. The longest lines represent the number of inches from the beginning of whatever space is measured.

This is usually a different color than the other numbers. The bigger marks between each inch mark represent one-half of an inch. The markings between each half-inch mark represent a quarter of an inch, while the markings between each quarter-inch represents 1/8 of an inch. Between these 1/8 inch marks are 1/16 inch marks, with some tape measures breaking the inch down into 32nds and even 64ths. An easy read tape measure has the most dimension details on the tape, making the reading of your measurement easier to recognize and quite possibly quicker. On a tape measure that uses imperial units – as opposed to the metric system – the most prominent markings are typically the inch marks, designated by long, thin lines and larger numbers.

You will see a foot designation marked every 12 inches . Just as you would with a retractable tape measure, look for the spot where the end of the object or distance you're measuring lines up with the tape measure. If the tape measure stretches exactly halfway between the 27 and 28 inch markings, this means that your arm is 27.5 inches long.

To read a measuring tape, line the zero mark up at the edge of the item you're measuring, then stretch the tape all the way across the item. Try to keep the tape straight to ensure an accurate measurement! Then, look at the point where the tape meets the end of the item you're measuring and read the nearest large number.

The large numbers are the units you're measuring, like inches or centimeters, and the markings between the large numbers correspond to fractions of that unit. Reading a tape measure correctly is a necessary skill when taking on DIY projects. Tape measures are available in both standard or imperial units and in metric units. This guide will show you how to read a tape measure.

Plus, you'll learn some tips and tricks for using this tool to get precise measurements. In addition to the easy read and standard tape measures discussed above, there are a few other non-traditional measuring tapes you can use for projects too. Reading a tape measure is a skill you can easily master. Using this small, sturdy hand tool can improve the accuracy of your project measurements. Learning how to use a tape measure properly means to always "measure twice, cut once." You can use a standard tape measure or opt for a metric one.

The Home Depot delivers online orders when and where you need them. A tape measure usually has two different measurement systems on it. This is a mix of the inch system and the metric system. Most manufacturers have opted to use both systems, for whatever reason. Even though modern-day measurements are usually taken in inches, some do not, so the calibrations stay. The top half of a tape measure is usually in inches, broken into eighth and sixteenth of an inch increments.

The bottom half of the tape is divided into centimeters and millimeters. The large numbers on the top represent inches, while the little marks between the numbers represent increments of an inch mentioned earlier. For example, a 16-foot tape measure has 16-1 foot markers across the top and inch marks . In school and ask what you feared would be a "stupid" question?

Questions are great because they lead to answers, and answers are meant to be shared. Today's quick measuring tip came from a question in a visitor's email. Someone needed help figuring out what all those tiny marks are on a standard tape measure.

We deal in fractions every day and are forever measuring quarters and eighths and sixteenths and whatnot. We came up with three handy charts to help decipher those little black lines. Download them to keep handy at your sewing station as quick reference tools. But if you DO end up needing or using a metric tape measure, know that for every meter, there are 100 cm and for every cm, there are 10 mm. Most metric measuring tapes only mark the cm for readability, so you'll need to count the number of ticks in between to get your exact measurement. Sometimes, there are larger ticks in between each cm to denote 1/2 cm.

On a tape measure labeled with imperial units, the most prominent marks are usually the one-inch marks. These are typically marked by long, thin lines and fairly large numbers. They generally come with hard pieces of metal on the ends to make it easy to place the tape at the exact location where you need to start measuring. If you are going to be sewing and need to measure fabric then you will need to invest in a fabric measuring tape. On the tape measure marked with imperial units, you will find the most significant marks are commonly the 1-inch marks. These are usually marked by long thin lines and represented by the large numeric value.

In this tutorial, I am going to show you exactly how to read a tape measure and break down the process into easy to understand steps. Personally I much prefer this type of measuring tapes for sewing. Converting lengths for sewing is simple using a tailor's tape marked in both cm and inch. All you need to do is read the inch side corresponding to the number in centimeters. If we have to convert for example 66 cm into inches, looking at the image below we can see the result is 26 inches.

Use the tiny, densely-packed marks for sixteenths of an inch. The shortest lines of all on most measuring tapes are the sixteenth-inch marks. Use the same pattern for recognizing these minuscule measurements. In metric measuring tapes, centimeters are the most significant markings. Centimeters are generally represented by the large lines , and you will see a number next to each line. Same as inches, the line represents each centimeter.

Sixteenth-inch marks are considered as the shortest lines of all measuring tapes. You will find 16 tiny marks per inches and 4 in each quarter inch. Standard or SAE tape measures clearly show feet, inches and fractions of inches. The measurements on a tape measure are generally 16 marks to the inch.

Laser distance measurers can often measure accurately within 1/16 inch. Whilst Britain now officially operates a metric system of measurement, our nation still sees a curious mix of both metric and imperial measurements being used on a day to day basis. We measure our height in feet and inches, our weight in stones and pounds and our speed in miles per hour. Despite this almost all 21st Century technical, engineering or construction measurements are quoted in millimetres. Most manufacturers have, therefore, opted to produce UK-spec tape measures with both metric and imperial graduations.

A measuring tape recoils through a retraction system inside the unit. A retractable tape measure has a flat spring wrapped around a spindle near the middle of the tape. Problems frequently appear when the blade is split or otherwise broken. When the tape is pulled, the defect hooks on the case, stopping the tape from moving. If the flat metal clip on the end comes loose or gets bent — typically from dropping the tape — it results in inaccurate measurements.

While tape measures that have plastic tapes are going to be fairly inexpensive, they are not going to be sturdy and durable enough to stand up to a lot of use without problems. The main issue that you will find with this type of measuring tape is that the plastic will stretch out over time, no matter how careful you are not to pull on it when you are measuring. This will lead to inaccurate measurements and can cause you to make major mistakes when working on a project. If you areremodelingorbuilding a home, reading a tape measure accurately is essential. Yet when it is stretched out, a tape measure is a jumble of numbers, marks, diamonds, and other confusing symbols.

Once you break it down into a few basics, a tape measure is actually very easy to read. Even if math was not your strongest subject in school, you may be comforted to learn reading a tape measure has little to do with mathematical calculations. Reading a ​tape measure is more about combining basic fractions with an understanding of how marks work on today's tape measures. The tape measure for sewing is usually soft and flexible strip/ribbon with linear-measurement markings made mostly from reinforced polyester or fiberglass. The most common length of a measuring tape is 60 inches , but there are tapes for sale, for example, 100 inches long or even longer 120" which can be useful for measuring longer lengths . On most metric measuring tapes, centimetres are the most prominent markings.

Centimetres are usually labeled with large lines and, next to each line, a number. As with inches, the line marks each centimetre, not the number itself. This is sufficient for simple measurements, but doing calculations with values greater than 1 foot requires converting those measurements into inches first. Depending on the tape measure, these may not be designated with a number, which means you'll need the markings on either side to guide you. In other words, the half-inch mark between inches 13 and 14 is read as 13 ½ inches, and sits exactly midway between the markings for those numbers.

If measuring around a round object, pinch the tape where it overlaps. One advantage of ribbon-style tape measures over retractable tape measures is that their flexibility allows them to measure around objects. If it is, for instance, six inches at this point, then your wrist has a circumference of about six inches.

Hold one end of the tape down at the start of your distance. A manual tape measure lacks some of the convenient features of a modern retractable tape measure, but with the proper technique, it works just as well. Thus, most manual tapes won't be much longer than the human arm span.

If you need to measure beyond your reach, you can try keeping the zero end of your tape measure in place with a weight or getting a friend to help. Catch the hooked end on one side of the object you're measuring. Plastic cases are very common for tape measures and allow for rubber to be added to make them easier to grip. Smaller tape measures will be made of only plastic and are usually of a lower-quality material, which means that they can more easily crack or break if you were to drop your tape measure.

If you expose a measuring tape with a plastic case to extreme temperatures it can weaken the case itself and make it more easy to damage. Any time you are going to be working by yourself and need to make sure that you are taking accurate measurements then you need to invest in a tape measure that locks. This will allow you to extend the length of the tape out and then lock it so that it will not retract back into the case. Once you have locked the tape you will be able to lay it down where you need to measure so that you can easily mark and determine the length. This will free up your hands as you won't have to continue to hold the measuring tape to provide enough pressure to prevent it from retracting. If you have ever contorted your body to see the measurement of your tape measure then you know that sometimes it is handy to be able to measure with the tape measure underneath something.

This is especially true when you are working in tight spaces, such as an electrician under a house. When you have a tape measure with a double hook you can use the top tang for measuring. This will prevent you from having to twist and contort your body to see the distance marked on the tape. The magnets used in magnetic tape measures are incredibly strong and able to support the weight of the tape measure when you use it.

These tape measures can be opened and then the end of the tape will stick to metal surfaces when you touch them together. This is great because it will stay connected while you finish your measuring and then you can easily release it with a gentle tug. The Komelon,features a 1/16 scale, is easy to read with its high-vis yellow on top, white tape on back side [2-sided] tape. The crew felt that the Komelon may be the BEST of the tapes to read, based on the tape color!

One thing the crew noted was that after the 12-inch markings, the tape markings get a bit busy to read. [For example; 13-inches is listed at 13 and also 1F 1.] We felt the this marking pattern made the tape very busy and was unnecessary. These removable, adhesive backed measuring tapes are used for marking fabric or sewing tables for quick measurements while cutting or trimming. The tape does not adhere well to damp or wet surfaces, so make sure the surface is relatively clean and dry.

Easy Measuring How To Read A Tape Measure In Mm I use this along the edge of my sewing table for quick measurements. It's simply necessary for a seamstress to have a measuring tape at hand. Better yet, several tapes of different colors at once. To draw a straight line, hook the tab onto a straight ledge of a board or a table ledge and extend the tape. Place the pencil at the desired length and let the tape housing come up to meet the pencil, then lock the tape in place.

Holding the pencil and tape housing with one hand, place your other hand on the hooked tab, dragging the tape measure, pencil, and hooked tab down the straight ledge together. It sounds involved, but once you do it you'll find it's a quick and easy way to mark lines that you don't need to be 100 percent accurate. Start by putting the end tab at one end of the item or space you want to measure, then pull out the tape until you get to the other end. To determine the length, you'll need to add up the increments. If your item is exactly, say, 3″ or 3′, it's much easier.